Monday: A Day
Aim:
How does DNA direct the making of proteins?
Do
Now: In which part of the cell are proteins made? Think back!!
Procedure:
Students will draw a huge cell in their notebooks. We will label the parts of the animal cell. This will serve as a review
as well as a backdrop for the RNA lesson. Explain how DNA is located in the nucleus and the ribosomes are in the cytoplasm.
Ask how DNA gets to the ribosomes so they can make the proteins. The HELPER MOLECULE IS RNA. RNA is a chemical that acts as
a messenger for DNA. RNA carries the coded DNA message from the nucleus to the ribosomes. The ribosome is the worktable for
making proteins. The message carried from the ribosome by mRNA (messenger RNA) must be decoded. DNA is written in one language,
AT GC while the protein is written in a different language. tRNA (transfer RNA translates the DNA code into the code used
to make the protein. rRNA (ribosomal RNA)directs the forming of the protein. The genetic code translates the DNA language
into the protein language. Use the conversion chart to explain this process. GIVE to students:
DNA mRNA tRNA -- rRNA --
Protein
Homework
#4: What does RNA do in the making of proteins? Answer in a complete, coherent sentence.
Tuesday: B Day
Aim:
What happens when the genetic message changes?
Do
Now: Take a worksheet to your desk and answer as many questions as you can.
Procedure:
What happens if T combines with G instead of A? A mutation is any change in the copying of the DNA message. What happens if
you hit the wrong key on a keyboard of the computer? Does the computer get a wrong message? The wrong base in the DNA code
will give a wrong message to the cell. The result is a different kind of protein and then a different trait will appear. Lets
look at a pedigree and see how hemophilia can start from a mutation. A mutation causes a change in the childs traits only
when it takes place in the parents sex cells. What causes a mutation? Sunlight radiation, X rays, atomic bomb explosions,
certain drugs, industrial pollutants, insecticides, and some food additives. Define
cloning: To make an exact copy of a parent. Breeding: bringing together of two
living things to produce offspring. Selective breeding: bringing together of two living things to produce desired traits in
the offspring. Example: Cotton Plants, cows, vegetables and fruit, chickens with low cholesterol eggs. Spicing Genes and gene
therapy: A bacterium receives a section of DNA from another organism. The DNA combination formed is recombinant DNA. Recombinant
DNA is the DNA formed when DNA from one organism is put into the DNA of another organism. This is done to make certain chemicals:
Insulin, human growth hormone. Gene therapy is the adding of a healthy gene into the body of a person suffering from a disorder
caused by a mutated of defective gene. The healthy gene take the place of the defective gene on the chromosome. Disorders
that may be cured using this technique are Cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, and certain muscle disorders. Do you think gene splicing
should continue and should experiment further? Use the reteaching idea map to create a study tool for changes in DNA.
Homework
5: Explain the difference between fraternal twins and identical twins.
Wednesday: A Day:
Aim:
How well do I know the structure of DNA?
Do
Now: Which nitrogen bases pair with each other? Adesine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine
Procedure:
Take out your lab folders and record the following: Lab # 24. Students will create an accurate model of a DNA molecule. They
will color code the bases with paint and will then combine the parts of the molecule
accurately using dowels and Styrofoam balls and rungs. All questions on the lab sheet must be answered with the model. There
will be a team of four lab partners working on this project. The director will read and organize the team to follow directions,
the constructor will actually put the model together, the artist will paint and draw what is necessary and the writer will
complete the lab report questions about DNA.
Homework:
There will be a test next Monday. Begin studying.
Thursday: B Day
Aim:
What is the composition and structure of DNA?
Do
Now: Gather all your lab materials and continue with DNA model which must be finished today.
Procedure:
Continue with the lab DNA model. This must be completed today with the lab report.
Homework:
There will be a test next Monday.
Friday: A Day
Aim:
To review for our DNA assessment.
Do
Now: Examine these two strands of DNA code. Which contains the mutation? Figure A: A-T, T-C, C-G, C-G, G-C and C-G, G-C,
T-A, A-T, G-C.
Procedure:
Please take a study guide to your desk and begin completing each page. You may work with a partner. Use your text book and
notebook to help you locate anything you may have forgotten. We will play a review game with the second period in the lab
class today.